Improvement of acid resistance of Portland cement pastes using rice husk ash and cement kiln dust as additives

Abstract

This paper represents a laboratory study on the acid resistance of hardened ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blended OPC pastes at two different curing temperatures. The blended materials used are rice husk ash (RHA) and cement kiln dust (CKD). The blended cement pastes were prepared using a water/solid (W/S) ratio of 0.3. The effects of immersion in deionized water (pH 7) and sulfuric acid solutions (pH 1, 2 and 3) at two temperatures (20 and 50 °C) on the compressive strength and phase composition of the various hardened blended cement pastes were studied. The results of compressive strength revealed that the increase of curing temperature from 20 to 50 °C resulted in increase the reduction of compressive strength due to acid attack up 2 months, but the resistance to sulfuric acid attack increases after that time due to the formation of crystalline calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) which have higher resistance to acid attack than the amorphous CSH formed at the early ages of hydration. The presence of RHA and CKD improves the resistance to sulfuric acid attack at both curing conditions. From the results of X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetric technique curves, the main hydration products identified are CSH, portlandite, and calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates.