Abstract

Distributed brain networks are known to be involved in facilitating behavioral improvement after stroke, yet few, if any, studies have investigated the relationship between improved touch sensation after stroke and changes in functional brain connectivity. We aimed to identify how recovery of somatosensory function in the first 6 months after stroke was associated with functional network changes as measured using resting-state connectivity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Ten stroke survivors underwent clinical testing and resting-state fMRI scans at 1 and 6 months post-stroke. Ten age-matched healthy participants were included as controls. Patients demonstrated a wide range of severity of touch impairment 1 month post-stroke, followed by variable improvement over time. In the stroke group, significantly stronger interhemispheric functional correlations between regions of the somatosensory system, and with visual and frontal areas, were found at 6 months than at 1 month post-stroke. Clinical improvement in touch discrimination was associated with stronger correlations at 6 months between contralesional secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and inferior parietal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, and between contralesional thalamus and cerebellum. The strength of connectivity between somatosensory regions and distributed brain networks, including vision and attention networks, may change over time in stroke survivors with impaired touch discrimination. Connectivity changes from contralesional SII and contralesional thalamus are associated with improved touch sensation at 6 months post-stroke. These functional connectivity changes could represent future targets for therapy.

Highlights

  • Somatosensory impairment is common after stroke, occurring in 50–80% of stroke survivors [1, 2]

  • Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity is Disrupted at 1 month After Stroke and Shows Some Recovery Toward Normal Levels at 6 months

  • One month post-stroke, patients with impaired touch sensation and lesions predominantly located in somatosensory areas of the thalamus, and/or in cortical somatosensory regions (SI and/or SII), exhibited disruption of interhemispheric functional connectivity of homologous SI regions relative to age-matched healthy controls

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Summary

Introduction

Somatosensory impairment is common after stroke, occurring in 50–80% of stroke survivors [1, 2]. Investigations of the neural correlates of clinical somatosensory improvement after stroke are scarce [3]. Lesions have important remote effects on the function of connected neural networks that are structurally intact, i.e., physiological changes in distant but functionally related brain areas [4, 7, 8]. These remote effects contribute significantly to the observed behavioral deficits and recovery potential [4, 8]. Distributed brain networks are known to be involved in facilitating behavioral improvement after stroke, yet few, if any, studies have investigated the relationship between improved touch sensation after stroke and changes in functional brain connectivity

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