Abstract
We investigated the effect of hydrophobic extract concentration on the safety of using hand dishwashing liquids (HDL). A series of formulations was prepared, differing in the concentration of the hydrophobic chamomile extract obtained in supercritical CO2 conditions (from 0 to 0.7 %). We found that an increase in the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in the zein number, and reduced changes in the pH level of bovine serum albumin solution (i.e., two parameters determining the irritant activity of the formulations). It was also found that the additives reduced transepidermal water loss and improved the skin hydration level. Based on the findings of the study, a mechanism has been proposed, according to which hydrophobic plant extracts form aggregates in the volume phase of the washing bath. The surface of the aggregates is the adsorption area for surfactant monomers responsible for the irritant effect. Increasing the addition of the extract was shown to reduce the negative impact of the formulations on the skin of the hands, thus contributing to a greater safety of use of HDL.
Highlights
Hand dishwashing liquids (HDL) are one of the most important groups of household chemicals
We investigated the effect of hydrophobic extract concentration on the safety of using hand dishwashing liquids (HDL)
We found that an increase in the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in the zein number, and reduced changes in the pH level of bovine serum albumin solution
Summary
Hand dishwashing liquids (HDL) are one of the most important groups of household chemicals. In physicochemical terms, they are aqueous solutions of surface-active agents and various additives including fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, sequestrants, pH regulators, colorants, opacifiers as well as substances giving formulations a pearly appearance [1, 2]. The key factors determining the quality of HDL include the type and concentrations of basic surfactants used in the formulation. Surface-active agents contained in the formulation may interact with the skin on the hands, causing skin drying and irritations [1,2,3,4,5]
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