Abstract
This study measured the speed of a moving vehicle in multiple lanes using a drone. The existing methods for measuring a vehicle’s speed while driving on the road measure the speed of moving automobiles by means of a sensor that is mounted on a structure. In another method, a person measures the speed of a vehicle at the edge of a road using a speed-measuring tool. The existing method for measuring a vehicle’s speed requires the installation of a gentry-structure; however, this produces a high risk for traffic accidents, which makes it impossible to measure a vehicle’s speed in multiple lanes at once. In this paper, a method that used a drone to measure the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was proposed. The suggested method consisted of two LiDAR sets mounted on the drone, with each LiDAR sensor set measuring the speed of vehicles moving in one lane; that is, estimating the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was possible by moving the drone over the road. The proposed method’s performance was compared with that of existing equipment in order to measure the speed of moving vehicles using the manufactured drone. The results of the experiment, in which the speed of moving vehicles was measured, showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the first lane and the second lane was 3.30 km/h and 2.27 km/h, respectively. The vehicle detection rate was 100% in the first lane. In the second lane, the vehicle detection rate was 94.12%, but the vehicle was not detected twice in the experiment. The average vehicle detection rate is 97.06%. Compared with the existing measurement system, the multi-lane moving vehicle speed measurement method that used the drone developed in this study reduced the risk of accidents, increased the convenience of movement, and measured the speed of vehicles moving in multiple lanes using a drone. In addition, it was more efficient than current measurement systems because it allowed an accurate measurement of speed in bad environmental conditions.
Highlights
Drone technology has developed rapidly in various fields
The drone measurement performance was compared with the vehicle speed measurement
The difference between the drone system proposed in this study and the existing speed measurement system was that a set of sensors could be installed on the drone to acquire information on all vehicles moving in each lane
Summary
Drone technology has developed rapidly in various fields. The drone is highly useful for aerial surveillance because of its remote sensing capability. Technological advances in areas, such as signal processing technology, sensors, and position tracking, have affected various applications of UAVs. In recent years, target detection has been studied using a camera mounted on a drone. The speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes is measured using a LiDAR sensor mounted on a drone. This study presented a drone-based speed measurement system that estimated the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes [19,20,21,22]. The method for measuring the speed of a vehicle equipped with a sensor in a fixed mechanism obtains information about that vehicle on the outskirts of the road, so it is impossible to measure a moving vehicle’s speed over the entire lane.
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