Improvement in Survival Following Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions: Variability by Target Vessel

Abstract

This study compared the survival benefit of opening a chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), or right coronary artery (RCA). Previous analyses demonstrate improved survival following successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO. Eligible patients underwent attempted CTO PCI in a single vessel. Procedural success rates were calculated for each vessel. The primary end point was survival at 5 years, compared across target vessel groups stratified by procedural success. There were 2,608 patients included. The LAD was the target vessel in 936 (36%), the LCX in 682 (26%), and the RCA in 990 (38%) patients. Angiographic success rates for LAD were 77%, LCX 76%, and RCA 72%. Baseline demographics and comorbidities were well matched, though there were significantly more males in the LCX compared with LAD or RCA groups (80% vs. 75% and 73%, respectively, p = 0.005). Procedural success compared with failure was associated with improved 5-year survival in the LAD (88.9% vs. 80.2%, p < 0.001) group, but not in the LCX (86.1% vs. 82.1%, p = 0.21) and RCA groups (87.7% vs. 84.9%, p = 0.23). In multivariable analysis, CTO PCI success in the LAD group remained associated with decreased mortality risk (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.89). The data suggest that PCI for CTO of the LAD, but not LCX or RCA, is associated with improved long-term survival. This information may assist in selecting patients for attempted CTO PCI.