Improvement in functional performance with high-speed power training in older adults is optimized in those with the highest training velocity.

Abstract

To identify whether variability in limb movement velocity during high-speed power training (HSPT) may impact physical functioning in older adults. 42 older men and women (71.3±6.6 years) were randomized to lower extremity HSPT (n=28) or control (CON; n=14) (Analysis 1) for 12weeks. A second analysis (Analysis 2) allocated HSPT into high-velocity (n=14) or low-velocity (n=14) based on a limb movement speed above or below the median average velocity during the 12-week HSPT intervention. Habitual gait speed, maximal gait speed, timed up-and-go, and the short physical performance battery were measured at baseline and 12weeks. Change scores were compared between HSPT and CON (Analysis 1), and high-velocity, low-velocity, and CON (Analysis 2) using ANCOVA. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05. Analysis 1 There were no group differences in habitual gait speed, maximal gait speed, or timed up-and-go between HSPT and CON (all p>0.05). Short physical performance battery was greater in HSPT (0.96±0.19) compared to CON (0.10±0.26; p=0.01). Analysis 2 There were no group differences in the change in habitual GS (p=0.33) among high-velocity, low-velocity and CON. There were significant group differences in the change in maximal GS (p=0.007), timed up-and-go (p=0.03), and short physical performance battery (p=0.03). There is considerable variation in self-selected maximal limb velocity during HSPT in older adults. In the present cohort, an average limb velocity of 0.88m/s during HSPT was necessary to ensure optimal improvement in functional performance for older adults, but this threshold will need further investigation.