Abstract
BackgroundThe ability of an intermittent fasting (IF)‐calorie restriction (CR) regimen (with or without liquid meals) to modulate adipokines in a way that is protective against coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be tested.ObjectiveAccordingly, we examined the effects of an IFCR diet on adipokine profile, body composition, and markers of CHD risk in obese women.MethodsSubjects (n = 54) were randomized to either the IFCR‐liquid (IFCR‐L) or IFCR‐food based (IFCR‐F) diet for 10 weeks.ResultsGreater decreases in body weight and waist circumference were noted in the IFCR‐L group (4 ± 1 kg; 6 ± 1 cm) versus the IFCR‐F group (3 ± 1 kg; 4 ± 1 cm). Similar reductions (P < 0.0001) in fat mass were demonstrated in the IFCR‐L (3 ± 1 kg) and IFCR‐F group (2 ± 1 kg). Reductions in total and LDL cholesterol levels were greater (P = 0.04) in the IFCR‐L (19 ± 10%; 20 ± 9%, respectively) versus the IFCR‐F group (8 ± 3%; 7 ± 4%, respectively). LDL peak particle size increased (P < 0.01) in the IFCR‐L group only. The proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P < 0.01) in both groups. Adipokines, such as leptin, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha), and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) decreased (P < 0.05), in the IFCR‐L group only.ConclusionThese findings suggest that IFCR with a liquid diet favorably modulates visceral fat and adipokines in a way that may confer protection against CHD.
Highlights
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a novel weight loss regimen that has been steadily growing in popularity over the past decade [1]
These findings suggest that IFCR with a liquid diet favorably modulates visceral fat and adipokines in a way that may confer protection against coronary heart disease (CHD)
Two subjects dropped out of the IFCR-L group due to scheduling conflicts (n = 1) and problems adhering to the diet (n = 1)
Summary
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a novel weight loss regimen that has been steadily growing in popularity over the past decade [1]. CRP may play a role in atherogenesis by binding to oxidized LDL and promoting foam cell formation [11] Isoprostanes are another group of compounds released by adipose tissue [12]. Insulin-like growth hormone (IGF-1), another adipose tissue-derived protein, may play a role in the development of CHD by stimulating the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells [13]. Circulating concentrations of these hormones are dictated by regional fat distribution [14]. The ability of an intermittent fasting (IF)-calorie restriction (CR) regimen (with or without liquid meals) to modulate adipokines in a way that is protective against coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be tested
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