Improvement for MIMO Systems by Increasing Antenna Isolation and Shaping Radiation Pattern Using Hybrid Network

Abstract

In this article, a novel method is proposed to design a hybrid network (HN) to increase isolation and shape radiation patterns for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems. The HN is a combination of a decoupling feeding network and a defected ground network, which are populated by several surface-mounted reactive components whose reactances are determined by the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N-</i> ary optimization algorithm. Two decoupling examples are presented to validate the design methodology and elaborate on the design procedure. Measurement results show that the HN helps to realize impedance matching with reflection coefficients below –10 dB, isolation improvement from –5.4/–8.9 dB to below –20 dB, and low envelope correlation coefficient below 0.06 for MIMO antennas with the element separation of 0.16 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /0.24 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">λ</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Moreover, in both examples, the decoupling case with omnidirectional radiation patterns achieves a better throughput performance, compared with another decoupling case with directional radiation. In comparison to prior decoupling networks only focusing on isolation enhancement, the proposed HN achieves high isolation and desired radiation patterns simultaneously with a very accurate design methodology.