Abstract
We report the incorporation of sulfur or iodine into monoclinic tungsten trioxide (S:WO3 or I:WO3 respectively), with the aim to improve its visible light-harvesting ability. Films were synthesized by spray pyrolysis with either ammonium sulfide or iodide added to the aqueous WO3 precursor solutions. Red shifts of the absorption spectra were observed with S and I incorporation (from ∼2.7 to 2.6 and 2.1 eV respectively), likely due to the formation of intragap impurity bands. S:WO3 samples exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance at low S concentrations, but this quickly deteriorated with increasing S content. Incident photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) data showed that this initial improvement was driven by improved collection efficiency at longer wavelengths. Conversely, photocurrent decreased at all levels of I addition. IPCE measurements for these films showed only a marginal increase in efficiency at longer wavelengths, indicating that the extra absorbed photons did not contribute si...
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