Improved results after the primary repair of interrupted aortic arch: impact of a new management protocol with isolated cerebral perfusion☆☆☆

Abstract

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse results and risk factors of death after the repair of the interrupted aortic arch, and to compare results obtained with the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest versus isolated cerebral perfusion. The primary repair of the interrupted aortic arch and associated heart lesions was performed in 50 consecutive patients. The median age was 5 days and the mean weight was 3.1+/-0.6 kg. The interrupted aortic arch was of type A in 12 (24%) patients, type B in 37 (74%) and type C in one (2%) patient. Ventricular septal defect was present in 48 (96%) patients, subaortic stenosis in 15 (30%), truncus arteriosus in 14 (28%), transposition of the great arteries in two (4%), aortopulmonary window in two (4%) and double-outlet right ventricle in one (2%). The surgery consisted of reconstruction of the aortic arch by direct anastomosis and repair of associated heart lesions. In 25 (50%) patients, aortic arch reconstruction was performed using hypothermic circulatory arrest (group I) and in 25 by isolated cerebral perfusion (group II). The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping and circulatory arrest or isolated cerebral perfusion was 191+/-46 min, 90+/-24 min and 40+/-14 min, respectively, in group I; and 194+/-39 min, 74+/-20 min and 31+/-6 min, respectively, in group II. There were 10 (20%) deaths in this series, eight (32%) in group I and two (8%) in group II. Out of 12 patients operated before 1995, seven (58%) patients died; and out of 38 patients operated between 1995 and 2009, three (8%) patients died (p=0.008). By Cox multifactorial analysis, the earlier date of operation represented the only risk factor of death (p=0.037). Twelve (71%) survivors in group I and five (22%) survivors in group II required re-intervention, most often for subaortic stenosis, aortic arch obstruction or conduit obstruction. All patients remain in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II at median 12.6 years in group I, and 1.7 years in group II, respectively, after surgery. Interrupted aortic arch can be repaired in neonates with a mortality of 5-10%. The results depend on experience. Isolated cerebral perfusion was joined with decreased mortality but it did not influence the occurrence of neurological complications.