Abstract

Solid-state nanopores are attractive single-molecule biosensors but commonly suffer from low fabrication yield, poor repeatability, and weak signal-to-noise ratios as compared to biological protein-derived pores. Recent demonstrations of nanopore fabrication by dielectric breakdown in high electric fields offer a promising alternative to established methods which rely on electron microscopes or ion beams. Breakdown-derived nanopores can be fabricated on-demand in standard electrolytes, without need for vacuum systems or harsh chemicals. However, the stochastic and nonlinear nature of electrical breakdown introduces new challenges for achieving consistent sensor quality. We will present progress towards more reliable in situ formation of small-diameter solid-state nanopores, using self-limiting protocols that improve yield and avoid the runaway growth of nanopores in high electric fields.

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