Abstract
Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are a specific group of secondary metabolites that occur solely in Schisandra chinensis. The aim of the presented work was to boost the accumulation of lignans in the agitated microshoot cultures of S. chinensis, using different elicitation schemes. The experiments included testing of various concentrations and supplementation times of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), chitosan (Ch), yeast extract (YeE), methyl jasmonate (MeJa), and permeabilizing agent—dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). After 30 days, the microshoots were harvested and evaluated for growth parameters and lignan content by LC-DAD method. The analyses showed enhanced production of lignans in the elicited S. chinensis microshoots, whereas the respective media samples contained only trace amounts of the examined compounds (< 5 mg/l). Elicitation with CdCl2 caused up to 2-fold increase in the total lignan content (max. ca. 730 mg/100 g DW after the addition of 1000 μM CdCl2 on the tenth day). Experiments with chitosan resulted in up to 1.35-fold increase in lignan concentration (max. ca. 500 mg/100 g DW) after the supplementation with 50 mg/l on the first day and 200 mg/l on the tenth day. High improvement of lignan production was also recorded after YeE elicitation. After the elicitation with 5000 mg/l of YeE on the first day of the growth period, and with 1000 and 3000 mg/l on the 20th day, the lignan production increased to the same degree—about 1.8-fold. The supplementation with 1000 mg/l YeE on the 20th day of the growth cycle was chosen as the optimal elicitation scheme, for the microshoot cultures maintained in Plantform temporary immersion system—the total content of the estimated lignans was equal to 831.6 mg/100 g DW.
Highlights
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Chinese magnolia vine (Schisandraceae), is a climbing plant, naturally occurring in the countries of Eastern Asia, whereas in European countries, it grows mainly as an ornamental shrub (Panossian and Wikman 2008; Szopa et al 2016a; Szopa et al 2017a)
In the course of preliminary experiments, the biomass was elicited with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) at 50, 100, and 200 μM and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM
These reports indicated that methyl jasmonate (MeJa), applied at 50–400 μM and not earlier than 9 days before the end of an experiment, noticeably increased the accumulation of aryltetralin lignans (Bahabadi et al 2011; Bhattacharyya et al 2012; Wawrosch et al 2014)
Summary
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Chinese magnolia vine (Schisandraceae), is a climbing plant, naturally occurring in the countries of Eastern Asia, whereas in European countries, it grows mainly as an ornamental shrub (Panossian and Wikman 2008; Szopa et al 2016a; Szopa et al 2017a). The extracts of S. chinensis fruit have been used for the manufacture of medical products, food supplements, or cosmetics (Szopa et al 2016a). The other alternative is plant cell culture which has so far been employed for the production of several biologically active secondary metabolites, including lignans. It should be noted that the so far conducted studies focused on the production of aryltetralin lignans in the in vitro cultures of various species of Podophyllum sp. There are only few studies dealing with the accumulation of Schisandra lignans under cell culture conditions (Fuss 2004). Agar, stationary liquid, and agitated microshoot cultures of S. chinensis were demonstrated to produce substantial amounts of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (Szopa et al 2016b). In our latest work, we optimized the production process of these compounds in different types of laboratory scale bioreactors (Szopa et al 2017b)
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