Abstract
In this paper we propose an improved version of a single receiver DF system that combines a PLL scheme with the MUSIC algorithm to obtain both azimuthal and zenithal angles. The new approach uses a more efficient algorithm to remove the typical ambiguities of PLL-based schemes. We carry out several experiments to assess the algorithm performance. Among them, we consider complex environments, such as wireless communication channels where the received signal is corrupted by noise and suffers from distortion, interference, and multipath effects. The new scheme is tested for BPSK and QPSK signals under these conditions. The simulated results show  superior performance of the proposed PLL algorithm when compared to previous techniques.
Highlights
The phased-lock loop (PLL)-based direction finding (DF) technique is employed to determine the direction of arrival (DOA) of a radiofrequency (RF) signal using a single receiver system
We evaluate the new algorithm in more complex environments, for both BPSK and QPSK signals, and compare it to previous techniques
Algorithm IV [6] presents the Fast Fourier Transformer (FFT) Peak Finder Algorithm, where the PLL-based technique was used with MUSIC for the first time; the analysis was extended for QPSK signals
Summary
The phased-lock loop (PLL)-based direction finding (DF) technique is employed to determine the direction of arrival (DOA) of a radiofrequency (RF) signal using a single receiver system. Algorithm III [3] was proposed in an attempt to reduce the computational complexity of Algorithm I It is based on the second difference to correct the first one and was validated for BPSK signals with zenith fixed to 90o. 4. Algorithm IV [6] presents the FFT Peak Finder Algorithm, where the PLL-based technique was used with MUSIC for the first time; the analysis was extended for QPSK signals. Considering that the FFT Peak Finder Algorithm removes the PLL ambiguity of all phases ψm, the input signal correlation matrix can be formed and used to obtain the MUSIC spectrum PMUSIC(θ, φ), a function that depicts the desired direction, φ (azimuth) and θ (zenith), as its highest power peak.
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