Improved photocatalytic performance of Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V2O5 ultralong nanowires

Abstract

Layered-structure V2O5 has attracted extensive research attention as an ideal electrode material for lithium batteries and gas sensors, among others. In this study, we investigated the effects of Li+ and Eu3+ single- and co-doping on the electronic structure, optical properties, and pollutant-photodegradation efficiency of V2O5. All the samples were fabricated by a simple one-step hydrothermal method using NH4VO3 and phthalic acid as precursors. Pure and Eu3+-doped V2O5 developed into short, thick nanorods, while, Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V2O5 crystallized into ultralong nanowires. Furthermore, Li+ and Eu3+ doping significantly increased the ability of V2O5 to photodegrade Rhodamine B in solution. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this photochemical enhancement, the multivalence of V, charge dispersion characteristics, luminescence, and carrier lifetime were measured. The improved photocatalysis of Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V2O5 was found to be related to its increased specific surface area, multivalent V4+/5+ ions, prolonged charge lifetime, and accelerated charge dispersion. Experimental results showed that Eu3+ and Li + ions are present in the interlayers of V4O5 as pillars. Thus, co-doping represents a viable strategy to improve the photochemical properties of layered V2O5.