Abstract
TiO 2 electrodes are coated with NiO by DC magnetron sputtering, and their structural, optical and electrochemical performance has been investigated. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV–vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AC impedance, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) are used to characterize the TiO 2/NiO electrodes. Their performance is evaluated with a computer controlled electrochemical workstation in combination with three conventional electrodes. The experimental results indicate that the surface modification of TiO 2 electrodes with sputtered NiO reduces trap sites on TiO 2 and improves the electrochemical performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Sputtering NiO for 7 min, which is about 21 nm thick, on 6.5 μm thick TiO 2 greatly improves the DSSC parameters, and the conversion efficiency increases from 3.21 to 4.16%. Mechanisms of the influence of the NiO coating on electrochemical performance are discussed.
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