Improved Performance of a Ni, Co-Doped LiMn2O4 Electrode for Lithium Extraction from Brine

Abstract

Electrochemical extraction of Li+ from salt lakes has the characteristics of high efficiency and low energy consumption, now becoming a research hotspot. The asymmetric lithium capacitor composed of de-lithiated Li1–xNi0.025Co0.025Mn1.95O4 (LNCMO) and activated carbon is used as a system for electrochemical recovery of Li+. The consequence of cyclic voltammetry shows that lithium-ion diffusion is a process control step and Ni, Co doping is beneficial to improving the diffusion of lithium ions in the low-potential oxidation process and high-potential reduction process. The discharge capacity of LNCMO during a 50-cycle process is 122 mAh g–1 with a retention rate of 97.93% at 1 C, which is higher than that of the LiMn2O4 (LMO)/AC system (107 mAh g–1 with a retention rate of 83.92%), proving that Ni, Co doping restrains the disproportionation reaction of LMO and increases the Li+ diffusion coefficient of LMO, leading to a higher capacity and better cycle performance in brine. In 30 mM LiCl solution, the Li+ extraction capacity of 1.86 mmol g–1 is obtained with an energy of 3.97 Wh mol–1 Li+ under the optimal extraction conditions (i = 0.75 mA, T = 20 min). After 15 times of Li+ insertion/extraction in simulated brine/recovery solution, the purity of the recovery solution reached 94.59%, indicating that the LNCMO/activated carbon system has good selectivity for Li ions and stability.