Improved Performance and Heat Dissipation of Flip-Chip White High-Voltage Light Emitting Diodes

Abstract

Three types of white light emitting diodes (LEDs) were constructed with $4 \times 1$ micro-cells. The first one is the convectional LED series connected with four cells using the wire-bonding process. The other two devices are $4 \times 1$ lateral-type and $4 \times 1$ flip-chip high-voltage LEDs (HV-LEDs) using the interconnection technique. The convectional LED, lateral-type HV-LED, and flip-chip HV-LED are denoted as C-LED, L-HV-LED, and FC-HV-LED, respectively. Moreover, the white LEDs were formed by combining the blue LED chips and the phosphor-dispensing method. The thermal resistances (at 20 mA) of C-LED, L-HV-LED, and FC-HV-LED were 14.5, 59.2, and 12.2 K/W, respectively. In addition, the surface temperatures (at 20 mA) of these three devices were 30.74–31.82, 65.93–68.95, and 27.01–27.96 °C, respectively. Obviously, the heat dissipation of L-HV-LED was much worse than that of C-LED. However, via the fabrication of the flip-chip structure, the heat dissipation of HV-LED can be enhanced significantly. At an injection current of 100 mA, the luminous efficiencies of C-LED, L-HV-LED, and FC-HV-LED were 80.8, 81.0, and 91.8 lm/W, respectively. Furthermore, at the same forward voltage, a higher current can be driven in the FC-HV-LED, leading to an apparent improvement in the luminous efficiency. According to our calculation, the emission size of HV-LED was only 84% compared with that of C-LED. On the other hand, the fabrication of HV-LED can be performed without the wire-bonding process. This indicates that the FC-HV-LED possesses not only lower production costs but also higher optoelectronic performance than that of the C-LED.