Abstract
We present the first lattice results on isovector unpolarized and longitudinally polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) at physical pion mass. The PDFs are obtained using the large-momentum effective field theory (LaMET) framework where the full Bjorken-$x$ dependence of finite-momentum PDFs, called "quasi-PDFs", can be calculated on the lattice. The quasi-PDF nucleon matrix elements are renormalized nonperturbatively in RI/MOM-scheme. However, the recent renormalized quasi-PDFs suffer from unphysical oscillations that alter the shape of the true distribution as a function of Bjorken-$x$. In this paper, we propose two possible solutions to overcome this problem, and demonstrate the efficacy of the methods on the 2+1+1-flavor lattice data at physical pion mass with lattice spacing 0.09~fm and volume $(5.76\mbox{ fm})^3$.
Highlights
We present the first lattice results on isovector unpolarized and longitudinally polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) at physical pion mass
These distributions can be extracted through global analysis using multiple experiments by factorizing the hard-scattering cross sections into the PDFs and short-distance matrix elements that are calculable in perturbation theory
Progress has been made in polarized PDFs using data from RHIC at Brookhaven National Lab and the COMPASS experiment at CERN; further progress would be made at the proposed electron-ion collider (EIC)
Summary
We present the first lattice results on isovector unpolarized and longitudinally polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) at physical pion mass. The quasi-PDF nucleon matrix elements are renormalized nonperturbatively in the RI/MOM-scheme.
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