Abstract
A novel single-step microbial transformation process for the efficient production of carthamidin and isocarthamidin from naringenin by yeast Rhodotorula marina in an aerated bioreactor was described. The biotransformation led to the total product concentration of 233 mg/l. The highest conversion efficiency observed for carthamidin was 0.31 mg/mg of naringenin and for isocarthamidin 0.47 mg/mg of naringenin.
Highlights
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds of plant origin that are important constituents of the human diet
Naringenin (Fig. 1) is one of the most abundant flavonoids found in grapes, tomatoes, and citrus fruits
Since naringenin is a compound isolated from the agro-residue, it is relatively inexpensive
Summary
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds of plant origin that are important constituents of the human diet. Naringenin (Fig. 1) is one of the most abundant flavonoids found in grapes, tomatoes, and citrus fruits This flavanone has gained increasing interest in recent years because of its wide range of biological activity, including antioxidant [2], anti-inflammatory [3], antimicrobial [4, 5], antiviral [6], antimutagenic [7], antiestrogenic [8], antiatherogenic [9], hepatoprotective [10, 11], nephroprotective [12], and anticancer [13, 14] action. Since naringenin is a compound isolated from the agro-residue, it is relatively inexpensive Does it serve as an excellent and frequently employed model flavonoid and it is a leading substance for the preparation of new biologically active derivatives. Chemical modifications involved acylation [20] and O-alkylation [20, 21] while biotransformations using microorganisms, plant cultured cells, and pure enzymes led to glycosylation [22], O-alkylation [23], acylation [24], halogenation [25], sulfation [26, 27], C–C coupling [28], and hydroxylation [29,30,31,32]
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