Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are amongst the most commonly-used biomaterials in orthopedic and dental applications. The Ti-aluminum-vanadium alloy (Ti6Al4V) is widely used as a biomaterial for these applications by virtue of its favorable properties, such as high tensile strength, good biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance. TiO2 nanotube (NTs) layers formed by anodization on Ti6Al4V alloy have been shown to improve osteoblast adhesion and function when compared to non-anodized material. In his study, NTs were grown on a Ti6Al4V alloy by anodic oxidation for 5 min using a super-oxidative aqueous solution, and their in vitro biocompatibility was investigated in pig periosteal osteoblasts and cartilage chondrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the materials. Cell morphology was analyzed by SEM and AFM. Cell viability was examined by fluorescence microscopy. Cell adhesion was evaluated by nuclei staining and cell number quantification by fluorescence microscopy. The average diameter of the NTs was 80 nm. The results demonstrate improved cell adhesion and viability at Day 1 and Day 3 of cell growth on the nanostructured material as compared to the non-anodized alloy. In conclusion, this study evidences the suitability of NTs grown on Ti6Al4V alloy using a super-oxidative water and a short anodization process to enhance the adhesion and viability of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The results warrant further investigation for its use as medical implant materials.
Highlights
An imperative goal in bone and cartilage regeneration is the refinement of biomaterials with physicochemical and biological properties that better resemble the native architecture of human tissues to regenerate
A nanotubular and uniformly distributed layer was formed over the Ti6Al4V alloy surface, as noted by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination (Figure 1b)
It is well known that the interaction between cells in our body and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is necessary for optimal cell function and support [25]
Summary
An imperative goal in bone and cartilage regeneration is the refinement of biomaterials with physicochemical and biological properties that better resemble the native architecture of human tissues to regenerate. 80–100 nm diameter requires periods of 1 h [34,35] and perhaps 2 h [20] According to this fact, we hypothesize that using a fluoride solution dissolved in super-oxidative water will accelerate the fabrication of NTs, which, in turn, will positively impact adhesion, proliferation and viability of primary osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Ti6Al4V surface by anodic oxidation using a novel short process constituted by a commercial super-oxidative water used for medical instrument disinfection [36,37], containing ammonium fluoride, and studying its biological effects on primary pig periosteal osteoblast (PPO) and elastic cartilage pig chondrocytes (PCC). Cell adhesion and viability were evaluated by means of fluorescence microscopy
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