Abstract
Use of a frequency-division multiple access strategy causes Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) receiving equipment to experience both inter-frequency phase bias (IFPB) and inter-frequency code bias (IFCB). While IFPB can be calibrated using a linear model, there is no general model for IFCB calibration, which causes great difficulty in GLONASS ambiguity resolution over long baselines; most current GLONASS ambiguity resolution research is confined to short baselines. In this paper, based on a single-differencing between-receivers (SDBR) model, a wide-lane phase combination-based approach is proposed to fix the GLONASS ambiguities over long baselines. External precise ionospheric products are introduced to eliminate the ionospheric delay. To mitigate the effect of the residual ionospheric delays, we fix the relative wide-lane ambiguity using the Hatch–Melbourne–Wubbena (HMW) combination. The results show that 96% and 55% of the wide-lane round-off residuals are within 0.2 cycles for the Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS, respectively, if the traditional HMW method is used. The method proposed here for GLONASS can improve these percentages significantly, reaching up to 95.5%. The root mean square (RMS) position errors are 1.43, 1.06 and 4.32 mm for GPS in the north, east and up directions, respectively. When GLONASS with ambiguity fixing is added, the corresponding RMS values are reduced significantly to 1.26, 1.02 and 3.87 mm, respectively.
Highlights
Integer ambiguity resolution is a prerequisite to achievement of centimeter-level Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning precision
Relative positioning is a fundamental module in scientific GNSS data processing software suites, such as Bernese GNSS Software (BERNESE) (Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland) [6], Global Positioning System (GPS) Analysis at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (GAMIT) (Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA) [7], and Positioning and Navigation Data Analyst (PANDA) (GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China) [8]
We propose an improved method for Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) long baseline ambiguity resolution with heterogeneous receivers
Summary
Integer ambiguity resolution is a prerequisite to achievement of centimeter-level Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning precision. When the ambiguity is correctly fixed, static relative positioning using daily data can reach millimeter-level accuracy for baselines that do not exceed a few hundreds of kilometers [1]. Because only a precise orbit is required, the data processing required for relative positioning is simple, and is widely used in a number of applications, including geophysics [2,3] and meteorology [4,5]. Most ambiguity fixing studies of relative positioning over long baselines have focused on the Global Positioning System (GPS). GLONASS declared full operation with 24 satellites in 2010, and with the improved quality of GLONASS orbits [9,10], it has become a worthwhile exercise to perform GPS+GLONASS long baseline ambiguity resolution
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