Abstract
• Natural rubber latex is used as a polymer additive for cement stabilized recycled materials. • The influence of dry rubber to cement ratio, curing time, and soil/recycled material ratios is discussed. • The relationship between strength and microstructural characteristics is discussed. • The optimum dry rubber to cement ratio can improve the mechanical properties of the mixtures. • Polymer firms increased the interparticle bond strength and matrix of mixtures. Soil replacement with medium-graded waste materials is an effective means to improve the physical properties of marginal soil prior to cement stabilization and to minimize the input of cement at the target mechanical properties. Natural rubber latex possesses superior elastic properties, which can improve the fatigue properties of cement stabilized material. This research aims to study the influence of NRL on the strength development of cement stabilized lateritic soil (LS) and recycled aggregate blends as a sustainable pavement base. The steel slag (SS) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios of 50% and 70% were studied. The cement content of 5% by weight and dry rubber to cement (r/c) ratios of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 10% were investigated. The r/c ratio was found to be a significant effect on the compactability, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and indirect tensile (ITS) of cement stabilized SS:LS and RCA:LS blends. The microstructural analyses using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that the degree of cement hydration of cement-NRL stabilized SS/RCA:LS blends decreased with increasing NRL content due to the retardation of thicker NRL films. However, at the optimum r/c ratio, the coexistence between cement hydration products and NRL films can reduce the pore space and enhance the interparticle bond strength, resulting in UCS and ITS development of cement-NRL stabilized blends. Although the optimum r/c ratio indicating the maximum UCS and ITS of cement-NRL stabilized SS:LS and RCA:LS sample were found to be different, the percent improvement by NRL is practically the same. The r/c ratio is a dominant factor affecting the interparticle bond strength, hence the relationship between UCS and ITS was developed, which is cost-effective and time-saving for geotechnical and pavement engineering design. The result from this research is a demonstration of the effective usage of natural rubber latex and recycled materials in sustainable pavement applications.
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