Abstract
While prior software development effort estimation research has examined the properties of estimation error measures, there has not been much research on the properties of measures of estimation bias. Improved measurement of software development effort estimation bias. Analysis of the extent to which measures of estimation bias meet the criterion that perfect estimates should result in zero bias. Recommendations for measurement of estimation bias for estimates of the mean, median, and mode software development effort. The results include the recommendation to avoid a commonly used measure of effort estimation bias. Proper evaluation of estimation bias requires knowledge about the type of estimates evaluated, together with the selection of a measure of estimation bias that gives zero bias for perfect estimates of that type.
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