Abstract
Polycrystalline samples of Ca1-xNaxNb0.5Ti0.5O3 were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method. The impact of Na ions on the structural and magnetic properties of CaNb0.5Ti0.5O3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. XRD data confirmed the perovskite nature of the prepared samples and showed the linear change in its crystallographic dimension upon Na substitution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy supports the XRD data, and help to study the vibrations associated with a particular bond type in the sample. SEM and TEM images confirmed the nano-crystalline nature of the prepared samples where average grain size of 110–120 nm and particle size of 60–70 nm is observed. Lattice fringes observed through TEM revealed the polycrystalline nature of the sample. d-spacing between the observed lattice fringes through TEM images also support the lattice planes observed via XRD data. Magnetic data obtained from VSM clearly demonstrate the change in magnetic behaviour of CaNb0.5Ti0.5O3 upon Na substitution. Na ion substitution improves the magnetic interaction in CaNb0.5Ti0.5O3 by improving the magnetization value.
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