Abstract
Water is a key resource for sustainable development and plays a crucial role in human development. Desalination is one of the most promising technologies to mitigate the emerging water crisis. Thermal desalination and reverse osmosis are two of the most widely employed desalination technologies in the world. However, these technologies are energy intensive. Clathrate-hydrate-based desalination (HyDesal) is a potential energy-efficient desalination technology to strengthen the energy–water nexus. In our previous study, we proposed a ColdEn-HyDesal process utilizing waste Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cold energy based on a fixed-bed reactor configuration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 10% propane in three different gas mixtures, namely, nitrogen (G1), argon (G2), and carbon dioxide (G3), as hydrate formers for the HyDesal process. The achieved water recovery was very low (~2%) in the presence of NaCl in the solution for gas mixtures G1 and G2. However, high water recovery and faster kinetics were achieved with the G3 mixture. To improve the water recovery and kinetics of hydrate formation for the G2 gas mixture, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was evaluated. The addition of SDS did improve the kinetics and water recovery significantly.
Highlights
Water is one of the key resources for sustainable development and plays a crucial role in human development
We proposed a conceptual hydrate-based desalination (ColdEn-HyDesal) process employing a fixed-bed reactor configuration utilizing waste Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cold energy to minimize the energy requirement based on the ability of propane as a co-guest in a gas mixture to draw dispersed water from the sand bed towards the gas phase for hydrate growth, resulting in enhanced kinetics [30]
KineKtiicnpetriocmprootmerostearrseacroemcopmoupnoudnsdws hwichhichcacnanenenhhaanncceetthheeggaass uuppttaakkee rraatteeffoorrhhyyddrartaetefofromrmatiaotnion withopwuriotthmaofofuettcetrainwffgehcittchihnegcthhtaehnremgetohtdheyermnmaomodryipcnhpaomhloaigcsyepoehqfauthsieelibfeorqriuumimleidb[r4hi0uy]md. rSau[t4er0fc]a.rcytSsautnartlfssa,cartreaesnuotslntienarsgeuicnohnbkeetitnseeurtcgihcapsk-rwionmaetteoicrter whichcocnhtaanctgaentdhethmeroerbpyhsoulsotgayinoinfgthfaesftoerrmhyeddrhatyedgrraotwe cthryksitnaelsti,crseasnudltibnegttienr wbeattteerrrgeacso-vwerayte. r contact and thereby suInstoaridneinr gtofaimstperrohvyedtrhaetekignreotwicsthofkhinyedtriactseafnodrmbaettitoenr awnadtewrarteecrorveecroyv.ery, we investigated the IenffeocrtdoefrStDoSimonpwroavteertrheecokvienreytiicnsthoef hpyredsreantcee fooframNaatiColnsoalnudtiownaotfer3.r0ewcot%vecroy,nwceentirnavtieosnt.igSDatSe,danthe effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on water recovery in the presence of a NaCl solution of 3.0 wt% concentration
Summary
Water is one of the key resources for sustainable development and plays a crucial role in human development. There is a need to develop an innovative low-energy desalination process for sustainable development One such technology is hydrate-based desalination (HyDesal). The HyDesal process effectively falls in the class of approaches based on freezing In this process, water molecules form cages around a guest gas/liquid component, thereby effectively separating themselves from the brine solution even at temperatures higher than the normal freezing temperature of water. We proposed a conceptual hydrate-based desalination (ColdEn-HyDesal) process employing a fixed-bed reactor configuration utilizing waste Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cold energy to minimize the energy requirement based on the ability of propane as a co-guest in a gas mixture to draw dispersed water from the sand bed towards the gas phase for hydrate growth, resulting in enhanced kinetics [30]. The effect of the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a kinetic promoter was evaluated
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