Abstract
Hydrotropic extraction in water with biobased amphiphiles is considered as an interesting alternative to conventional extraction with organic solvents. In this study, butyl, isoamyl, and pentyl glycerol ethers (C4Gly, iC5Gly, and C5Gly, respectively) are investigated for the extraction from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis) of carnosic acid (CA), a powerful natural antioxidant used as an alternative to synthetic ones in food and cosmetic industries. First, interactions between CA and hydrotropes are studied to set the extraction conditions, resulting in the measurement of the solubility curves and miscibility of CA in the hydrotropic solutions. Then, C5Gly is shown to have the highest efficiency to extract CA, which is rationalized with a molecular model previously established for an alkyl polyethylene glycol ether (CiEj) series of amphiphiles based on their log P and molecular volume. Additionally, measurement of the contact angles of the hydrotropic solutions on rosemary leaves indicates that the efficiency of the hydrotrope is also dependent on the interfacial tension.
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