Abstract
To restore water pipes damaged by earthquakes, it is common to block the water flow by closing the associated shut-off valves. In this process, water supply suspension in the area connected to the isolated pipes is inevitable, which decreases the serviceability of the water distribution network (WDN). In this study, we identified the impact of valve layout (i.e., number and location) on system serviceability during a seismic damage restoration process. By conducting a pressure-driven-analysis (PDA) using EPANET 3.0, a more realistic hydraulic analysis could be carried out under the seismically damaged condition. Furthermore, by considering the valve-controlled segment in the hydraulic simulation, a more realistic water suspension area was determined, and efficient seismic damage restoration strategies were identified. The developed model was implemented on a WDN to demonstrate the effect of valve layout on the post-earthquake restoration process. Finally, effective restoration strategies were suggested for the application network.
Highlights
Earthquakes cause massive damage to lifeline systems, such as water distribution networks (WDNs), sewer systems, power lines, gas lines, and roads/bridges
It can be seen that a larger number of valve installations lead to lower system serviceability drops due to seismic damage and a lower serviceability deviation for various earthquake events
This implies that when the number of valve installations becomes large, there is no significant difference in the restoration efficiency for various seismic events
Summary
Earthquakes cause massive damage to lifeline systems, such as water distribution networks (WDNs), sewer systems, power lines, gas lines, and roads/bridges. A WDN is vulnerable to earthquakes and difficult to recover as the majority of its facilities are underground. The second is to increase the resilience of the system through post-earthquake recovery. Since natural disasters are not entirely preventable, it is essential to improve system resilience in terms of post-recovery to avoid long-term losses. As it is not possible to fully prepare for earthquakes, it is important to establish post-earthquake restoration plans to promptly recover from seismic damage. As the number of valves is limited in the actual network, water suspension is inevitable when recovering the system, which leads to a reduction in the water serviceability of the system. It is necessary to consider the service suspension area when establishing a recovery strategy for the damaged network
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