Abstract
Fluorine-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:F) film was deposited on a flow-straightener, impeller and diffuser surface (SUS 304) of an enclosed-impeller type flow blood pump using the ionization deposition method with a source gas of C6F5H. The surface characteristics of the a-C:H:F film were examined using atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and measurements of surface roughness, friction and surface potential. The a-C:H:F film tends to increase surface roughness and the negative surface charge. In addition, the surface energy and friction decrease with fluorine dopant in the a-C:H film. To estimate the hemolytic performance of a blood pump with the a-C:H:F film coating, the amount of hemolysis was measured using a mock circulatory system (in vitro test) with 500 mL of pig blood containing sodium citrate. In vitro test was conducted for 180 min with the blood flow and pump head maintained at 5 L/min and 100 mmHg, respectively. The a-C:H:F film coating reduced the amount of hemolysis and improved the hemolytic performance. Decreasing the surface energy and negative surface charge of the a-C:H:F film contributes to the improvement of the hemolytic performance. The a-C:H:F film coating is thus expected to be utilized in medical technology as a surface coating technology for artificial heart blood pumps.
Highlights
A ventricular assist device (VAD) is an important instrument in treating heart failure
The amorphous carbon (a-C):H:F film coating reduced the amount of hemolysis and improved the hemolytic performance
The a-C:H:F film coating is expected to be utilized in medical technology as a surface coating technology for artificial heart blood pumps
Summary
A ventricular assist device (VAD) is an important instrument in treating heart failure. With the development of heart surgery, VADs have been used as a bridge-to-transplant or destination therapy [1,2,3]. The VAD provides effective blood circulation support until a donor heart becomes available for transplant, improves other organ function, improves exercise performance, and enables participation in cardiac rehabilitation [4]. The VAD has been considered for long-term implantation as a destination therapy. The circulatory support can provide symptomatic relief and improved survival for those who do not have access to cardiac transplantation [5,6,7]. A VAD generally consists of a pump unit that is either implanted in the abdomen or is outside the body, a control system and an energy supply
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