Abstract
Exercise is important in the management of type 2 diabetes. Structured, supervised training sessions in a Diabetes Education Centre led by a kinesiologist could improve the physical health and psychological well-being of these patients. PURPOSE A pilot project to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a kinesiologist-directed, supervised exercise training program on the health and health related quality of life of type 2 diabetes outpatients. METHODS Subjects (6 males and 9 females; 61.9±13.0 years, 92.4±33.1 kg body mass, means ± SD) were recruited from the Diabetes Education Center to participate in this project. All participants completed a stress test and were cleared for participation by their physician. Pre- and post-tests consisted of a physical assessment, questionnaires, and blood work. Participants exercised in a supervised hospital setting, twice a week for 10–12 weeks. The kinesiologistdirected exercise sessions consisted of 25 minutes of aerobic activity and 25 minutes of resistance training with 10 minutes of flexibility exercises during the warm up and cool down. Pre- to post-training values were compared using a dependent ttest. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05. RESULTS Body composition improved significantly (average weight decreased 1.55 kg, waist girth decreased by 5cm, sum of 2 and sum of 5 skinfolds decreased 10 and 9 % respectively) while physical functioning measures (push ups, curl ups, step test duration, sit to stand tests) improved significantly 15 to 474 %. Diastolic blood pressure did not change however, systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (average decrease of 9.2 mm Hg). Glucose control improved significantly (HbA1C; pre=7.15±1.06; post=6.91±1.06 %). Health related quality of life and physical activity participation assessed using the SF-36 Vitality and Reported Health Transition subscales and Total Score as well as the Total Score on the Healthy Physical Activity Participation Questionnaire were improved significantly (p=0.028, 0.047, 0.039 and 0.020 respectively) by the intervention. CONCLUSION There are clear benefits for type 2 diabetes outpatients to be involved in a kinesiologist-directed exercise training program within the health care system. Supported by the Eastern Kings Memorial Health Foundation, Thera-Band ® and the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation.
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