Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) peel, as agricultural waste, is a potential under-utilized lignocellulosic biomass that is sufficiently available in Thailand. In this study, durian peel from monthong (D. zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) and chanee (D.zibethinus Murr. cv. Chanee) were subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under autoclaving conditions to improve glucose recovery. The effect of NaOH concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and autoclave temperature (110 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) was investigated based on the amount of glucose recovered. The optimal NaOH concentration and autoclave temperature were determined to be 2% and 110 °C, respectively, under which maximum glucose (36% and 35% in monthong and chanee peels, respectively) was recovered. Glucose recovery was improved by about 6-fold at the optimal pretreatment condition for both pretreated monthong and chanee when compared to the untreated durian peels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed great changes to the surface morphology of pretreated durian peel from the two cultivars. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also revealed a rise in cellulose crystallinity index (CrIs) after pretreatment. A combination of mild NaOH concentration and autoclaving is a very effective pretreatment technique for maximum glucose recovery from durian peel.
Highlights
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is a very popular economic fruit grown in Southeast Asia
Compositional analysis of the untreated durian peel in the current study revealed the presence of mainly glucan, xylan, and lignin
Autoclave-assisted alkaline pretreatment is considered very effective in disrupting the lignin-carbohydrate complex of lignocellulosic biomass and improving access to cellulose
Summary
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is a very popular economic fruit grown in Southeast Asia. It is a very important fruit in Thailand, yielding around 635, 031 tons in 2017 (Siwina & Leesing, 2021). Among the various durian cultivars in Thailand, only a few, including MonThong Chanee) (refer to Fig. 1), are grown commercially (Pinsorn et al, 2018). The fruit is large in size with ovoid, obovoid, or oblong shape, strong aroma, green to brownish pericarp color, and thorn-covered peel (refer to Fig. 1) (Aziz & Mhd Jalil, 2019). The fruit pulp, How to cite this article Obeng AK, Premjet D, Premjet S. Improved glucose recovery from durian peel by alkaline-catalyzed steam pretreatment.
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