Abstract
A facile route to a novel defluoridation prototype was developed i.e. fluoride (F−) pencil enclosing 3D network porous hydrogel structure consisted of 2D Graphene oxide (GO) sheets and nanomaterials. Green synthesized nanomaterials as aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silver oxide (Ag2O), carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with GO were successfully utilized for developed defluoridation pencil. Synthesized graphene-aluminium-silver-carbon quantum dots (GO-Al2O3-Ag2O-CQDs: GAAC) hydrogel showed high adsorption capacity with characterization through analytical techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The adsorption capacity of GAAC hydrogel was as high as 12.04 mg g-1. Developed hydrogel exhibited removal percentage for 2 and 10 mg L-1 F− as 95.5 and 80 %, respectively. Kinetically, GAAC material for F− adsorption obeyed pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.999) as compared to pseudo-first-order model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.978) proved more favourable than Freundlich model (R2 = 0.928), which confirmed chemisorption processes for F− adsorption. Finally, mechanism showed that F− ion uptake and release of −OH groups which are bonded to the GAAC composite on the gels is connected.
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