Abstract
This paper presents a Fractional Order Integral-Proportional Derivative (FOI-PD) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two-area Interconnected Power System (IPS) with six multiple generations units in a restructured environment. Further, the two-area IPS is composed of multiple non-linearities with Time Delay (TD), Boiler Dynamic (BD), Governor Dead Zone/Band (GDZ/GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The gains of the proposed controller are optimized by a most recent powerful meta-heuristic algorithm known as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO). The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as Firefly Algorithm (FA), Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms. Further, to enhance the performance of the system, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) is incorporated in each area and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in the tie-line of the power system. Results reveal that our proposed approach performs superior in terms of less Overshoot (Os), Settling time (Ts) and Undershoot (Us). Robustness of the proposed controller is verified by changing system parameters within a range of ± (25) %.
Highlights
The modern power system consists of complicated electrical networks with interconnected control areas
IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS the model as shown in Figure 5 is developed in Matlab/Simulink using the values from Appendix (Table1) and Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO)) algorithm is written in m. file
Of Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (FOPID) and Fractional Order Integral-Proportional Derivative (FOI-PD) controllers using Integral of Time-weighted Squared Error (ITSE) criteria are shown in Figure 9 which indicate that Fractional Order Integral (FOI)-PD controller has high control signal as compared to FOPID controller
Summary
The modern power system consists of complicated electrical networks with interconnected control areas. Regulations that govern all the electricity transactions and auxiliary services such as automatic generation control taken by the GENCOs and DISCOs are usually handled by a body known as Independent System Operator (ISO) [6, 7] In this regard, several control approaches have been proposed previously by various researchers to control the system frequency and tie-line power of the interconnected system. In this work, a novel modified FOPID controller called as FOI-PD controller is designed and developed for AGC of two areas, six-generation units under the deregulated environment with consideration of various non-linearities including TD, GDZ, BD and GRC. GRC, GDB, TD, BD hIFA-PS ICA QOHS 2DOF-PIDN-FOID Feedback controller PID FOPID TID
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