Abstract
We prepared dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with enhanced energy conversion efficiency using open-ended <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> nanotube arrays with a <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> scattering layer. As compared to closed-ended <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> nanotube arrays, the energy conversion efficiency of the open-ended <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> nanotube arrays was increased from 5.63% to 5.92%, which is an enhancement of 5.15%. With the <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> scattering layer, the energy conversion efficiency was increased from 5.92% to 6.53%, which is an enhancement of 10.30%. After treating the open-ended <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> nanotube arrays with <TEX>$TiCl_4$</TEX>, the energy conversion efficiency was increased from 6.53% to 6.89%, a 5.51% enhancement, which is attributed to improved light harvesting and increased dye adsorption.
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