Abstract
Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) such as Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 are suitable cathode materials for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite some salient advantages, like low cost, ease of fabrication, high capacity, and higher operating voltage, these materials suffer from low cyclic stability and poor capacity retention. Several different techniques have been proposed to address the limitations associated with LLOs. Herein, we report the surface modification of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 by utilizing cheap and readily available silica (SiO2) to improve its electrochemical performance. Towards this direction, Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 was synthesized utilizing a sol–gel process and coated with SiO2 (SiO2 = 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%) employing dry ball milling technique. XRD, SEM, TEM, elemental mapping and XPS characterization techniques confirm the formation of phase pure materials and presence of SiO2 coating layer on the surface of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 particles. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 materials show improved electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention and cyclability when compared to the uncoated material. This improvement in electrochemical performance can be related to the prevention of electrolyte decomposition when in direct contact with the surface of charged Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 cathode material. The SiO2 coating thus prevents the unwanted side reactions between cathode material and the electrolyte. 1.0 wt% SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability and capacity retention.
Highlights
The energy storage requirements have been stringent throughout the years, and Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are an ideal solution that has been leading this field owing to their higher energy and power density [1,2,3,4]
X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the synthesis of highly crystalline materials without the
It can be observed that the particle size for the SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (SiO2 = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt%) materials is smaller when compared with the uncoated sample which can be due to the ball milling effect
Summary
The energy storage requirements have been stringent throughout the years, and Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are an ideal solution that has been leading this field owing to their higher energy and power density [1,2,3,4]. Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) cathodes display a promising performance in terms of capacity and operating voltage and is considered as a potential cathode for future lithium-ion batteries These materials have already gained much attention previously because of their considerably high discharge capacities ([ 250 mAh g-1) and higher operating voltages [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Despite the tempting characteristics, these materials have a few drawbacks that need to be addressed before successful commercialization These materials experience rapid capacity and voltage fading during successive cycles that have an adverse effect on their energy density.
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