Abstract
Increasing urbanization and industrialization lead to the release of metals into the biosphere, which has become a serious issue for public health. In this paper, the direct electrochemical reduction of zinc ions is studied using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated using modified Hummers method and was electrochemically reduced on the surface of GCE by performing cyclic voltammograms from 0 to −1.5 V. The modification was optimized and properties of electrodes were determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The determination of Zn(II) was performed using differential pulse voltammetry technique, platinum wire as a counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode. Compared to the bare GCE the modified GCE/ERGO shows three times better electrocatalytic activity towards zinc ions, with an increase of reduction current along with a negative shift of reduction potential. Using GCE/ERGO detection limit 5 ng·mL−1 was obtained.
Highlights
Heavy metal pollution has become a major concern all over the world
Deposited GO was subsequently subjected to electrochemical reduction to produce electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The properties of this modified electrode were compared with standard bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). [Fe(CN)6 ]3 ́ /[Fe(CN)6 ]4 ́ was used as a redox probe for electrode characterization and the performance of GCE/ERGO on detection of Zn(II) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was examined
Bare GCE, GO, and ERGO deposited on GCE were characterized by Raman spectroscopy
Summary
Heavy metal pollution has become a major concern all over the world. Anthropogenic processes like urbanization and industrialization have led to their release from Earth’s crust and their accumulation in the biosphere. The enhanced zinc intake by drinking water in the case of mice caused zinc deficiency in the hippocampus, associated with memory deficit and decreased expression levels of learning and memory related receptors [5] Zinc has these important roles and effects mainly as a co-factor of numerous proteins, it is not surprising that metallomics and proteomics of zinc-containing proteins are emerging fields of science [6,7,8]. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) represent a gold standard in detection of trace heavy metals concentrations. Deposited GO was subsequently subjected to electrochemical reduction to produce electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) using CV The properties of this modified electrode were compared with standard bare GCE using CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The properties of this modified electrode were compared with standard bare GCE using CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). [Fe(CN)6 ]3 ́ /[Fe(CN)6 ]4 ́ was used as a redox probe for electrode characterization and the performance of GCE/ERGO on detection of Zn(II) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was examined
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