Improved Efficiency on Adaptive Arithmetic Coding for Data Compression Using Range-Adjusting Scheme, Increasingly Adjusting Step, and Mutual-Learning Scheme

Abstract

Context-based adaptive arithmetic coding (CAAC) has high coding efficiency and is adopted by the majority of advanced compression algorithms. In this paper, five new techniques are proposed to further improve the performance of CAAC. They make the frequency table (the table used to estimate the probability distribution of data according to the past input) of CAAC converge to the true probability distribution rapidly and hence improve the coding efficiency. Instead of varying only one entry of the frequency table, the proposed range-adjusting scheme adjusts the entries near to the current input value together. With the proposed mutual-learning scheme, the frequency tables of the contexts highly correlated to the current context are also adjusted. The proposed increasingly adjusting step scheme applies a greater adjusting step for recent data. The proposed adaptive initialization scheme uses a proper model to initialize the frequency table. Moreover, a local frequency table is generated according to local information. We perform several simulations on edge-directed prediction-based lossless image compression, coefficient encoding in JPEG, bit plane coding in JPEG 2000, and motion vector residue coding in video compression. All simulations confirm that the proposed techniques can reduce the bit rate and are beneficial for data compression.