Improved Efficiency Management Strategy for Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems

Emilio Arnieri,Gregorio Cappuccino,Francesco Amoroso,Luigi Boccia,Giandomenico Amendola

doi:10.3390/electronics8121459

Abstract

Battery-based energy storage systems are forecasted to have a rapid diffusion in the next future, because they can support the diffusion of renewable energy sources and can offer interesting ancillary services for the distribution grid. Consequently, energy management strategies for batteries and inverters present in storage systems will play a fundamental role in order to guarantee effective energy transfer processes between storage systems and the grid. This paper proposes an efficient management strategy which allows maximizing the overall energy efficiency of grid-connected storage systems taking into account the actual relationship between the efficiency and the charging/discharging power of the storage system. The effectiveness of the strategy is as shown by analysis results, the proposed strategy can allow a remarkable efficiency increase compared with strategies which are not aimed at the efficiency optimization.

Highlights

Energy storage systems can support the diffusion of renewable energy sources for both off-grid and grid-tied applications, and can offer ancillary services for the distribution grid such as frequency regulation, spinning reserve and voltage control, potentially aiding the actual transition to the smart grid of the future
Starting from the relationship between the efficiency and the output each battery/inverter subsystem, the proposed strategy selects the optimal number of batteries to be discharged for a given power demand, in order to make these batteries to operate at the discharging rate which allows reaching the maximum possible efficiency of the overall storage system
This paper proposes an efficient management strategy for battery-based storage systems interfaced to the distribution grid

Summary

Introduction

Energy storage systems can support the diffusion of renewable energy sources for both off-grid and grid-tied applications, and can offer ancillary services for the distribution grid such as frequency regulation, spinning reserve and voltage control, potentially aiding the actual transition to the smart grid of the future. Diffusion is rapidly increasing, and first pilot projects in which batteries of electric vehicles are used to inject energy into the grid when necessary (vehicle-to-grid, V2G applications) are being implemented world-wide [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] In this scenario, smart battery management strategies will be required to control effectively the complex bidirectional energy flow between the distribution grid and the customers arising from a large deployment of storage systems. Efficiency on the output power of batteries and inverters when defining management strategies for This workstorage aims atsystems demonstrating thewith importance of taking into account the dependence of the battery-based interfaced the distribution grid. 4 an optimal strategy commercial energyin storage system; management conclusions are drawn.is presented and tested thanks to a Hardware-in-the-Loop platform for a grid-connected PV plant equipped with a commercial energy

Fundamentals of Proposed

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Proposed

Findings

Conclusions