Abstract
Background: The direct flux and torque control are a robust, simple, and alternative approach control formulation that does not require decomposition into symmetrical components; the direct flux and torque control schemes have been proved to be preponderant for doubly-fed induction generators due to the simple implementation.
 Aim: This work presents the minimization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux undulations of doubly-fed induction generators using fractional-order super twisting algorithms and modified space vector modulation techniques.
 Methods: The main role of direct flux and torque control is to regulate and control the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux of doubly-fed induction generators for wind turbine systems. The direct flux and torque control is a traditional control algorithm and robust technique. Fractional-order super twisting algorithms are a new and proposed nonlinear controller; characterized by a robust controller and a simpler algorithm, which gives a good harmonic distortion of current compared to other methods.
 Novelty: The A fractional-order super twisting algorithm is proposed. Proposed nonlinear controller construction is based on the traditional super twisting algorithm and fractional calculus to obtain a robust controller and reduces the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux undulations of doubly-fed induction generators. We use in our study a 1.5 MW doubly-fed induction generator integrated into a single-rotor wind turbine system to minimizes the electromagnetic torque, stator current, rotor flux undulations. As shown in the results figures using fractional-order super twisting algorithms ameliorate effectiveness especially minimizes the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux, and minimizes harmonic distortion of stator current (0.16 %) compared to the traditional control scheme.
 Results: As shown in the results figures using fractional-order super twisting algorithms ameliorate effectiveness especially minimizes the electromagnetic torque and rotor flux, and minimizes harmonic distortion of stator current (0.16 %) compared to the traditional control scheme.
 Conclusion: The direct flux and torque control are a robust, simple, and alternative approach control formulation that does not require decomposition into symmetrical components; the direct flux and torque control schemes have been proved to be preponderant for doubly-fed induction generators due to the simple implementation.
Highlights
Due to the increasing demand for electrical energy, and the inability to meet this demand by using traditional sources
The direct flux and torque control are a robust, simple, and alternative approach control formulation that does not require decomposition into symmetrical components; the direct flux and torque control schemes have been proved to be preponderant for doubly-fed induction generators due to the simple implementation
We propose a new nonlinear method in order to improve the performance and efficiency of Direct flux and torque control (DFTC) control of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines
Summary
Due to the increasing demand for electrical energy, and the inability to meet this demand by using traditional sources. It led scientists and researchers to search for other sources in order to generate electric power at the lowest cost, as well as to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Among the resources and solutions discovered, we find wind energy. The latter is inexpensive, renewable, and does not pollute the atmosphere. Among the leading countries in this field are China, the United States of American, Germany, France, Denmark, and India. China is the country in the world that ranks first in the world in the production of electric energy from wind energy, accounting for 27.4 % of global production [1]. The generators most used in the field of electric power generation in the wind station are the asynchronous generator with a squirrel cage, the synchronous generator, asynchronous generator with a coiled rotor. The direct flux and torque control are a robust, simple, and alternative approach control formulation that does not require decomposition into symmetrical components; the direct flux and torque control schemes have been proved to be preponderant for doubly-fed induction generators due to the simple implementation
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