Improved detection of host cell proteins (HCPs) in a mammalian cell‐derived antibody drug using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in conjunction with an HCP‐enrichment strategy

Abstract

Host cell proteins (HCPs), which are process-related impurities typically present at low levels in recombinant biopharmaceutical products, are often measured using an immunological technique, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In contrast to ELISA which only provides the total amount of HCP, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) can provide both qualitative and quantitative information about the major HCP species. In this study, an HCP-enrichment step was optimized and combined with LC/MS to identify and determine the relative abundance of HCPs present in a monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug product. An NS0 (mouse myeloma) cell-derived mAb drug product, whose total HCP level was less than 100 ng/mg of protein, was subjected to analysis by LC/MS. One-dimensional and two-dimensional chromatography options, together with the off-line HCP enrichment strategy based on Protein A chromatography, were evaluated for optimal HCP detection. With this approach, nineteen HCPs were detected from a therapeutic mAb, an improvement over the detection of only one HCP without depletion. Compared with other published HCP studies with LC/MS, the HCP-enrichment step in our method enables a more practical and relevant application to approved protein therapeutics, which are mostly mammalian cell-derived products with HCPs present at very low levels.