Abstract
A porous and low-density protective film on a steel surface in the corrosive environment can undergo deterioration even in the presence of organic inhibitors due to infiltration of aggressive ions into the pinholes and/or pores. This phenomenon is related to the localized corrosion that takes place even in the presence of an optimal concentration of organic corrosion inhibitors in the given medium. To overcome this issue, we have designed an organic protective film on a steel surface with the help of titania nanoparticles (TNPs) combined with an organic corrosion inhibitor derived from Aganonerion polymorphum leaf extract (APLE), all to be studied in a simulated ethanol fuel blend (SEFB). The TNPs with varied diameters and concentrations have been studied for examining their effect on the inhibition capacity of 1000 ppm APLE on the steel surface in SEFB medium using electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. Enhanced corrosion inhibition of the surficial film was observed in the presence of both the APLE inhibitor and small amounts of TNPs. A direct agreement was observed between the experimental and molecular dynamics theoretical investigations showcasing high binding energy between inhibitor molecules and steel substrates, resulting in a much higher adhesion of the protective film, good thermal stability of the adsorbent film, and electron abundance for the supply of steel substrate of inhibitor species.
Highlights
The excessive use of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, leads to many negative effects on the environment and human health
The calculated average sizes and weight fraction of titania nanoparticles (TNPs) related to Figure 1a are given in Table S1, the results show that they had similar anatase and rutile phases (43 and 57%, respectively) with an average size of 9.7 nm (TNPs 10 nm), which was used for further studies
A new approach for corrosion protection suggested in the present work proposes the self-healing ability of TNPs for blocking the defects in an organic protective film formed on the metal surface along with the use of organic corrosion inhibitors
Summary
The excessive use of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, leads to many negative effects on the environment and human health. Many governments have considered and adopted E85 because of its performance as well as affordable cost.[8−10] Despite many advantages of biogasoline, such as increasing engine combustion efficiency, lowering driving cost, decreasing particulate matter with sizes below 10 μm (PM10) that affects human health, reducing greenhouse gas emission, and minimizing emissions of SOx and NOx gas that, respectively, cause the global warming effect and acid rain, it does have a massive drawback, that is, the corrosion on fuel tanks and piping systems, which are mainly made of mild steel. The corrosion of steel could be caused by the hygroscopic properties of ethanol, aggressive contaminants in bioethanol, and bacteria in the blend.[11] To overcome this drawback, many manufacturers require supplement additives into biogasoline.[12−15] In recent years, the most widely used anticorrosive additives for gasoline are inhibitors including
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