Improved cookstoves and their effect on carbon monoxide levels in San Lucas Tolimán, Guatemala

Abstract

Introduction: Installation of ventilated cookstoves has been shown to improve 24-h carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate exposure in the Guatemalan highlands. However, a survey of villagers around San Lucas Tolimán found much higher than expected CO levels. Our purpose is to evaluate the effects of improved cookstoves on CO levels in these villagers. Methods: This is cross sectional observational study in six rural communities. Blood carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO) was measured at three different times during the day. Stove type and location, as well as any respiratory, eye, or general symptoms reported were recorded. Results: 122 patients were included. CO levels were much higher than would be expected in a non-smoking population, with an average level of 4.6 ± 2.3 percent. There was no significant correlation in CO level and stove type or in CO level and time of day. Reported frequency of respiratory and eye symptoms (dyspnea, p = 0.03; cough, p = 0.01; burning eyes, p = 0.001; and excessive tearing, p = 0.001) did vary significantly between improved and unimproved stove groups. Conclusion: This study found high average SpCO levels in all villagers. This suggests that some contributor other than cookstoves may be an additional driver of individual CO exposure in this area.