Abstract
Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds or thousands of nodes with limited energy resources, and thus, efficient use of energy is necessary for these networks. Given that transmissions are the most energy-demanding operation, routing algorithms should consider efficient use of transmissions in their designs in order to extend the network lifetime. To tackle these challenges, a centralized algorithm is proposed, called improved continuous enhancement routing (ICER), for computing routing trees of refined quality, based on data aggregation while being aware of the battery energy state. Comparisons between ICER and other known solutions in the literature are performed. Our experiments show that ICER is able to ensure, on average, the survival of 99.6% and the connectivity of 99.3% of the network nodes compared to 90.2% and 72.4% in relation to the best-compared algorithm. The obtained results show that ICER significantly extends the network lifetime while maintaining the quality of the routing tree.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a special kind of ad hoc network that relies on spatially distributed autonomous devices which measure many types of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and pollutants
Provided that relay nodes which have more than one transmitting source can aggregate data, one must attempt to maximize the number of aggregation nodes to reduce the battery usage
The approach is based on clustering; at the initialization phase, the sink decides cluster membership by gathering information, positions, remaining energy, and distance in hops, of the whole network, and randomly choosing 10% of the nodes as cluster head (CH) between the ones that have residual energy higher than the average
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a special kind of ad hoc network that relies on spatially distributed autonomous devices which measure many types of physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and pollutants. The sink is a node that centralizes all the gathered data and works as an interface between the network and the application. It is desirable that the lifetime of the network be extended as much as possible so that the expenses on network maintenance are reduced For this reason, WSN routing algorithms should consider energy consumption. The proposed algorithm has parameters to tweak the trade-off between the size of the routing tree and the battery usage Based on these considerations, improved continuous enhancement routing (ICER) is proposed. To compute a routing tree, the sink uses a centralized algorithm that returns a low-cost routing tree ICER considers the battery usage of the network nodes while giving the application some degree of control over the algorithm to tune it according to its needs. We use a centralized algorithm that first preprocesses its input to reduce the size of the instance; finds the first solution using a heuristic and, uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to compute improved solutions continuously
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