Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with delayed yeast extract feeding (DYEF) was conducted in a 2-L bioreactor equipped with in-situ recovery using a gas stripping in order to enhance biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study showed that 2.88 g/L of biobutanol has been produced from SSF with a similar yield of 0.23 g/g as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). An increase of 42% of biobutanol concentration was observed when DYEF was introduced in the SSF at 39 h of fermentation operation. Biobutanol production was further enhanced up to 11% with a total improvement of 72% when in-situ recovery using a gas stripping was implemented to reduce the solvents inhibition in the bioreactor. In overall, DYEF and in-situ recovery were able to enhance biobutanol production in SSF.
Highlights
In order to meet the energy demand, biobutanol produced from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass is under-focused
The major challenges occurred since the Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process is using the solid medium of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) loaded in the bioreactor instead of sugar in a liquid form
It should be noted that the optimal sugar concentration for ABE fermentation by Clostridia is at 60 g/L1
Summary
In order to meet the energy demand, biobutanol produced from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass is under-focused. In Malaysia, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic biomass being produced with 6.61 million tonnes per year[7]. This value is estimated to increase up to 100 million tonnes in 20208. Biobutanol production (concentration and yield) through SSF is comparable to www.nature.com/scientificreports/. It was reported that manipulation on feeding time of yeast extract during fermentation able to shorten the transition phase between acidogenesis to solventogenesis and enhance the acids re-assimilation for butanol production[15]. Delayed yeast extract feeding (DYEF) was introduced in the SSF process as it could enhance the biobutanol concentration and yield. The process was further enhanced by integrating the in-situ recovery using a gas stripping to reduce solvent inhibition that limits biobutanol formation by the cells
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