Abstract
Spectral bands of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite are spatially co-registered. The accuracy of the band-to-band registration (BBR) is one of the key spatial parameters that must be characterized. Unlike its predecessor, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), VIIRS has no on-board calibrator specifically designed to perform on-orbit BBR characterization. To circumvent this problem, a BBR characterization method for VIIRS reflective solar bands (RSB) based on regularly-acquired lunar images has been developed. While its results can satisfactorily demonstrate that the long-term stability of the BBR is well within ±0.1 moderate resolution band pixels, undesired seasonal oscillations have been observed in the trending. The oscillations are most obvious between the visible/near-infrared bands and short-/middle wave infrared bands. This paper investigates the oscillations and identifies their cause as the band/spectral dependence of the centroid position and the seasonal rotation of the lunar images over calibration events. Accordingly, an improved algorithm is proposed to quantify the rotation and compensate for its impact. After the correction, the seasonal oscillation in the resulting BBR is reduced from up to 0.05 moderate resolution band pixels to around 0.01 moderate resolution band pixels. After removing this spurious seasonal oscillation, the BBR, as well as its long-term drift are well determined.
Highlights
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a remote sensing instrument aboard theSuomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite and provides measurements of large-scale global dynamics in the oceans, on the land and in the lower atmosphere [1]
The lunar band-to-band registration (BBR) results have been updated with lunar image rotation correction for VIIRS reflective solar bands (RSB)
Seasonal oscillation of up to 0.05 pixels is observed in the BBR trending, and the amplitude of the oscillation increases with the center-wavelength difference between the two bands
Summary
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is a remote sensing instrument aboard the. Alternative approaches using remote targets have been developed, with the general idea the BBR offset between any two bands by measuring the shift between their images of the same target. Of calculating the BBR offset between any two bands by measuring the shift between their images of Various approaches using Earth view data [8,9,10] or the lunar images have been proposed [11,12,13]. Results from the lunar centroid approach are good enough to demonstrate that the on-orbit BBR for the RSB has been stable and meets the sensor design requirement, there is an apparent band- or wavelength-dependent seasonal oscillation of up to 0.05 M band pixels observed in the BBR trending, wavelength-dependent seasonal oscillation of up to 0.05 M band pixels observed in the BBR trending, which is more like an error instead of actual BBR oscillation [11]. The cause of the oscillation is diagnosed, and a correction based on the study is applied, which significantly reduces the oscillation in the updated BBR trending
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