Abstract
Cellulose and Nanocellulose acetate (NCA) have attractive novel properties like excellent mechanical properties, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with environmental friendliness. Cellulose was extracted from rice straw wastes as an extra value, then it had been further transformed into NCA using the acidic hydrolysis technique. The structural, crystalline, morphological, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning microscopy, respectively. The particle size of the Nanocellulose extracted from rice straw was about 22 nm with a spherical shape. Development membranes were prepared with different concentrations of NCA to improve the performance and the anti-biofouling properties of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis (RO) membranes using a phase inversion technique. The structural of membranes were characterized by FTIR, water contact angle measurements, while the anti-biofouling properties were studied by static protein adsorption. The results indicated the development membrane features a lower contact angle accomplished with exhibits pore-forming ability and enhanced hydrophilicity of prepared membrane, furthermore the development cellulose acetate reverse osmosis (CA-RO) membranes with 40:60% RNCA:CA produced a salt rejection of 97.4% and a water flux of 2.2 L/m2 h. the development membrane have resists effectively protein adsorption and microbial growth showed from the results of Static protein adsorption.
Highlights
Cellulose and Nanocellulose acetate (NCA) have attractive novel properties like excellent mechanical properties, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with environmental friendliness
The particle size of Nanocellulose extracted from the rice straw was about 22 nm with a spherical shape which is in agreement with Shi and Liu[28]
In the first step of the acetylation process, the acetic anhydride extracts a proton from the concentrated sulphuric acid, which is more favored than the perchloric acid (HClO4) for the pristine process because sulphuric acid is economy and it does not present a potential hazard associated with a buildup of perchlorates (ClO4−) in the acid recovery system
Summary
Cellulose and Nanocellulose acetate (NCA) have attractive novel properties like excellent mechanical properties, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with environmental friendliness. Development membranes were prepared with different concentrations of NCA to improve the performance and the anti-biofouling properties of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis (RO) membranes using a phase inversion technique. The effective route to develop anti-fouling membranes possible by surface modification and structuring of polymer surfaces could even be an easy tool of existing m embranes[13]. This method some researchers adopted to modify the surface properties of water filtration membrane[14]. The main idea of this work is to extract Cellulose from rice straw and transform it to Nanocellulose acetate (NCA) and improve the performance of CA-RO membrane and anti-fouling properties by adding (NCA) to a membrane using the phase-inversion technique. The pristine and development membranes will be assessed for the performance of water desalination using water flux and salt rejection
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