Improved alcohol biosensor based on ruthenium-dispersed carbon paste enzyme electrodes

Abstract

The advantages which accrue from the use of metalized graphite for preparing reagentless alcohol carbon paste biosensors are described. In particular, ruthenium-dispersed graphite exhibits a marked decrease in the overvoltage for the oxidation of the liberated NADH. The ruthenium centers are integral parts of the graphite particles, thus eliminating dissolution (leakage) problems characterizing mediator-based alcohol sensors. The electrocatalytic behavior is characterized, the sensor operation is optimized and the analytical performance is reported. Applicability to flow injection assays is illustrated.