Abstract
This observational, retrospective study investigated infertility among Iraqi men who had been long-term prisoners of war. Routine seminal fluid analyses were undertaken in former prisoners with suspected infertility attending the Ramadi Infertility Clinic, Ramadi, Iraq; semen samples were also microscopically evaluated in these patients. In 16 out of 38 patients (42%), male infertility was found to be associated with the formation of unusually large clumps of sperm. These sperm clumps contained large numbers of sperm; clumping led to sperm immobilization and infertility. The causes of sperm clumping are unclear. It is possible that the sperm clumping observed in the present study might be a result of developmental defects, possibly related to stress or other undiscovered factors, although this requires further investigation.
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