Imprints of gravitational lensing in the Planck cosmic microwave background data at the location of WISE×SCOS galaxies

Abstract

We detect weak gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at the location of the WISExSCOS (WxS) galaxies using the publicly available Planck lensing convergence map. By stacking the lensing convergence map at the position of 12.4 million galaxies in the redshift range $0.1\le z \le 0.345$, we find the average mass of the galaxies to be M$_{200_{\rm crit}}$ = 6.25 $\pm$ 0.6 $\times 10^{12}\ M_{\odot}$. The null hypothesis of no-lensing is rejected at a significance of $17\sigma$. We split the galaxy sample into three redshift slices each containing $\sim$4.1 million objects and obtain lensing masses in each slice of 4.18 $\pm$ 0.8, 6.93 $\pm$ 0.9, and 18.84 $\pm$ 1.2 $\times\ 10^{12}\ \mbox{M}_{\odot}$. Our results suggest a redshift evolution of the galaxy sample masses but this apparent increase might be due to the preferential selection of intrinsically luminous sources at high redshifts. The recovered mass of the stacked sample is reduced by 28% when we remove the galaxies in the vicinity of galaxy clusters with mass M$_{200_{\rm crit}}$ = $2 \times 10^{14}\ \mbox{M}_{\odot}$. We forecast that upcoming CMB surveys can achieve 5% galaxy mass constraints over sets of 12.4 million galaxies with M$_{200_{\rm crit}}$ = $1 \times 10^{12}\ M_{\odot}$ at $z=1$.