Abstract
In the last 10 years, we have witnessed an extensive development of instrumental techniques in analytical methods for determination of various molecules and ions at very low concentrations. Nevertheless, the presence of interfering components of complex samples hampered the applicability of new analytical strategies. Thus, additional sample pre-treatment steps were proposed to overcome the problem. Solid sorbents were used for clean-up samples but insufficient selectivity of commercial materials limited their utility. Here, the application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) or ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) in the separation processes have recently attracted attention due to their many advantages, such as high selectivity, robustness, and low costs of the fabrication process. Bulk or monoliths, microspheres and core-shell materials, magnetically susceptible and stir-bar imprinted materials are applicable to different modes of solid-phase extraction to determine target analytes and ions in a very complex environment such as blood, urine, soil, or food. The capability to perform a specific separation of enantiomers is a substantial advantage in clinical analysis. The ion-imprinted sorbents gained interest in trace analysis of pollutants in environmental samples. In this review, the current synthetic approaches for the preparation of MIPs and IIPs are comprehensively discussed together with a detailed characterization of respective materials. Furthermore, the use of sorbents in environmental, food, and biomedical analyses will be emphasized to point out current limits and highlight the future prospects for further development in the field.
Highlights
Accepted: 6 April 2021In the last decade, the technological progress introduced advanced instrumental techniques in the field of analytical chemistry, allowing to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze various compounds of interest
The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) or imprinted polymers (IIPs) are characterized by the degree of selectivity and specificity due to the presence of specific recognition regions in the polymer net that are formed by the template-tailored synthesis
3-chloropropyl groups and a hydrophilic interior surface and magnetic nanoparticles attached to carboxylic acid functionalized NBs
Summary
The technological progress introduced advanced instrumental techniques in the field of analytical chemistry, allowing to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze various compounds of interest. Its common application enforced proper standardization measures and resulted in the dynamic increase of commercially available solid sorbents of all adsorption—extraction modes, including normal phase, reverse phase, ion exchange, immune affinity, and mixed-mode Those materials possess various physicochemical parameters, which allow them to be employed in the separation process of compounds of a different chemical nature [4,5]. New classes of sorption materials are investigated to improve selectivity toward target analytes, increase sorption capacity, enhance mechanical durability, and make the entire process more environmentally-friendly Among such new materials are silica-based sorbents, magnetic nanoparticles, and carbon-derived materials, such as graphene or fullerene-related carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks, porous polymers, and biopolymers [6,7]. Murastugu and co-workers [17] revealed a potential of MIPs as versatile tools for catalysis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
