Abstract
Dynamic irradiation is a potent option to influence the interaction between photochemical reactions and mass transport to design high performant and efficient photochemical processes. To systematically investigate the impact of this parameter, the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was conducted as a test reaction. Dynamic irradiation was realized through provoked secondary flow patterns, multiple spatially distributed light emitting diodes (LEDs) and electrical pulsation of LEDs. A combined experimental and theoretical approach revealed significant potential to enhance photochemical processes. The reaction rate was accelerated by more than 70% and even more important the photonic efficiency was increased by more than a factor of 4. This renders imposed dynamic irradiation an innovative and powerful tool to intensify photoreactions on the avenue to large scale sustainable photochemical processes.
Highlights
Light driven reactions are highly attractive for the development of sustainable chemical processes
Photoreactions are highly selective and the availability of high power light sources, often in combination with continuous operation, has increased the attractiveness of photochemistry significantly during the last years. [5,6,7,8,9,10,11] Photochemical reactions follow the principles of green chemistry to improve sustainability of the overall process by increasing e.g. atom economy, energy efficiency and prevention of chemical waste. [12,13,14,15,16,17]
The results show that dynamic irradiation can significantly accelerate the apparent reaction rate of nitrobenzene conversion
Summary
Light driven reactions are highly attractive for the development of sustainable chemical processes. [5,6,7,8,9,10,11] Photochemical reactions follow the principles of green chemistry to improve sustainability of the overall process by increasing e.g. atom economy, energy efficiency and prevention of chemical waste. While being highly attractive from a birds’ perspective, the development of photochemical processes has to include reaction engineering in order to be economical feasible. The radiation field has to be considered . This single aspect causes severe implications to the reaction engineering demands. Other aspects relevant for conducting heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions include the stability of the suspension and the separation of the photocatalyst from the reaction mixture after the reaction. [24,25,26]
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